![]() A different equation is necessary for variable-mass systems. Both statements of the second law are valid only for constant-mass systems, since any mass that is gained or lost by the system will cause a change in momentum that is not the result of an external force. When the net force on the body is zero, the momentum of the body is constant. The relationship also implies the conservation of momentum. Therefore, Newton's second law also states that the net force is equal to the time derivative of the body's momentumĬonsistent with the first law, the time derivative of the momentum is non-zero when the momentum changes direction, even if there is no change in its magnitude (see time derivative). The second law can also be used to relate the net force and the momentum 'p' of the body If the body is subject to multiple forces at the same time, then the acceleration is proportional to the vector sum (that is, the net force). ![]() Where 'F' is the force applied, 'm' is the mass of the body, and 'a' is the body's acceleration. Newton's second law states that the force applied to a body produces a proportional acceleration, the relationship between the two is
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